Youve stated that you used:
sudo apt-get update && apt-get upgrade -y
Unfortunately this breaks volumio 1.5 (don’t know for earlier and later versions)
What djoulle posted should work, if you have LXDE installed
Don’t give up this easy! magic doesn’t happen in one day 
Just do it step-by-step
Connect your Raspberry Pi and boot volumio
We already know there isn’t a display server so it should be installed
sudo apt-get update
(only updates repository’s doenst break stuff)
sudo apt-get install lxde xserver-xorgNow LXDE should be installed
Check if it is working (startx)
Make LXDE auto start at bootup
Install a browser and make it start at bootup
See djoulle reply thats probably the easiest way.
For the errors you are getting:
Looks like the repository’s for chromiom are unavailable same go’s for x11-xserver-utils and unclutter.
I dont know whether or not and why x11-server-utils and unclutter would be needed since i dont know what they would do…
But before you can install them using apt-get the repository’s need to be added. Unfortunatly, i dont do this often enough so i completely forgot where to add is 
and my google skills are failing me