Sure!
a bit on my setup first :
hardware is TASCAM US1x2HR
volumio@volumio-doma:~$ cat /proc/asound/US1x2HR/stream0
TASCAM US-1x2HR at usb-0000:01:00.0-1.3, high speed : USB Audio
Playback:
Status: Stop
Interface 2
Altset 1
Format: S32_LE
Channels: 2
Endpoint: 2 OUT (ASYNC)
Rates: 44100, 48000, 88200, 96000, 176400, 192000
Data packet interval: 125 us
Bits: 24
Channel map: FL FR
Capture:
Status: Stop
Interface 1
Altset 1
Format: S32_LE
Channels: 2
Endpoint: 1 IN (ASYNC)
Rates: 44100, 48000, 88200, 96000, 176400, 192000
Data packet interval: 125 us
Bits: 24
Channel map: FL FR
volumio@volumio-doma:~$ arecord -l
**** List of CAPTURE Hardware Devices ****
card 5: US1x2HR [US-1x2HR], device 0: USB Audio [USB Audio]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
volumio@volumio-doma:~$
volumio@volumio-doma:~$ cat /proc/asound/cards
0 [Headphones ]: bcm2835_headpho - bcm2835 Headphones
bcm2835 Headphones
1 [DAC ]: I-Sabre_Q2M_DAC - I-Sabre Q2M DAC
I-Sabre Q2M DAC
5 [US1x2HR ]: USB-Audio - US-1x2HR
TASCAM US-1x2HR at usb-0000:01:00.0-1.3, high speed
It seems there are several intricacies between ALSA and PulseAudio layers, so I do not know if the card configuration need to be set in the first, second or both modules.
in ALSA (/etc/asound.conf), I would try this based on the discussion found here : ubuntu - Change sampling rate in ALSA - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange
and here : ALSA project - the C library reference: PCM (digital audio) plugins
This crude trial, as I do not know how the audio flux is selected when the analog output icon is activated in Volumio interface. So internal naming of the ALSA plugin might need corrections.
pcm.ADC{
format S24_LE
rate 192000
type hw
card 5
device 0
}
pcm.!default{
type plug
slave.pcm "ADC"
}
In PulseAudio, I would try to change /etc/pulse/daemon.conf with relevant values with :
default-sample-format = s24le
default-sample-rate = 192000
Again, I have no ideas about the interactions of these changes with the Volumio clockwork, if it will not break any existing function.
Thanks for the support on this call, I really think “on the fly” sampling analog with high resolution will be strongly appreciated by the vinyl community 
Benoit