Airplay hardware volume control

No, it doesn’t touch the /etc/shairport-sync.conf file, but rather uses the one located at /tmp/shairport-sync.conf

:~$ systemctl status shairport-sync
● shairport-sync.service - Shairport Sync - AirPlay Audio Receiver
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/shairport-sync.service; static)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2020-05-15 14:33:27 UTC; 1 day 22h ago
 Main PID: 20746 (shairport-sync)
   CGroup: /system.slice/shairport-sync.service
           └─20746 /usr/local/bin/shairport-sync --configfile=/tmp/shairport-sync.conf

This configuration file is created by the plugin and is rebuilt based on different events (change audio output, change player name, etc etc)

So, if you want to ensure that your changes survive, edit the .tmpl file that is at /volumio/app/plugins/music_service/airplay_emulation/shairport-sync.conf.tmpl.
Beware you’ll lose the ability to perform a system upgrade when you do this, as your device will fail the “System integrity check”, so make a backup of the file so you can restore it when you want to upgrade…